Acanthis

          Book IV.5:1-78. A procuress, probably an invented character.

 

Achaea

A name for the Greek mainland, derived from a region in the northern Peloponnese. Hence the Acheans, for the name of the people who fought against Troy in Homer’s Iliad.

          Book II.28A:47-62. Its beautiful women.

 

Achaemenius, Achaemenian, Persian, Persia

Book II.13:1-16. Persian, from the Achaemenian Dynasty

 

Achelous

A river and river god, whose waters separated Acarnania and Aetolia in north-western Greece. He wrestled with Hercules for the love of Deianira, and lost one of his horns. See Ovid’s Metamorphoses Book IX:1-88

          Book II.34:1-94. His waters shattered by love.

 

Acheron

A river of the underworld, the underworld itself. The god of the river, father of Ascalaphus by the nymph Orphne. It is in the deepest pit of the infernal regions.

          Book III.5:1-48. The depths of the underworld.

 

Achilles

The Greek hero of the Trojan War. The son of Peleus, king of Thessaly, and the sea-goddess Thetis (See Homer’s Iliad).

          Book II.1:1-78. He loved Patroclus.

          Book II.3:1-54. He died indirectly because of Helen.

Book II.8A:1-40. His anger at Briseis being taken from him. His friendship with Patroclus, and killing of Hector.

Book II.9:1-52. His dead body cared for by Briseis.

Book II.22:1-42. Lovemaking did not affect his strength.

Book III.1:1-38. He fought with the river-gods of the rivers Simois and Scamander (Xanthus).

Book III.18:1-34. Not saved from death by his courage.

Book IV.11:1-102. Claimed as an ancestor by Perses.

 

Achivus, Achaeans, Achaea

A name for the Greek mainland, derived from a region in the northern Peloponnese. Hence the Acheans, for the name of the people who fought against Troy in Homer’s Iliad.

Book II.8A:1-40. Book III.18:1-34. The Greeks at Troy.

 

Acron

Book IV.10:1-48. The Sabine king of Caenina who attacked Rome provoked by the rape of the Sabine women.

 

Actiacus, Actium

The promontory in Epirus site of the famous naval battle in the bay between Octavian (later Augustus Caesar) and Antony in 31BC. (It lies opposite the modern port of Préveza on the Gulf of Amvrakia.)

Antony was defeated by Octavians’ admiral, Agrippa and the outcome led to Cleopatra’s downfall. Passed by Aeneas. Associated with Apollo.

Book II.1:1-78. The triumph in Rome after Actium is mentioned.

Book II.15:1-54. The evils of Civil War.

Book II.16:1-56. Antony defeated there.

Book II.34:1-94. A fit subject for Virgil.

Book III.11:1-72. The promontory of Leucas overlooking the bay contained the temple of Apollo.

 

Admetus

The son of Pheres, king of Pherae in Thessaly. He married Alcestis, who fulfilled a promise made by Artemis-Diana that on the day of his death he would be spared if a member of his family died for him. She was rescued from the underworld by Hercules (or alternatively rejected by Persephone)

          Book II.6:1-42. Her loyalty.

 

Adonis

The son of Myrrha by her father Cinyras, born after her transformation into a myrrh-tree. (As such he is a vegetation god born from the heart of the wood.) Venus fell in love with him. She warned him to avoid savage creatures, but he ignored her warning and was killed by a wild boar that gashed his thigh. His blood became the windflower, the anemone. See Ovid’s Metamorphoses Book X 503-739.

Book II.13A:1-58. Wept over by Venus.

 

Adrastus

A king of Argos who led the Seven against Thebes, to restore Polynices, son of Oedipus to the throne. He survived thanks to his speaking winged horse Arion. When the sons of the Seven, the Epigoni, tried to seek revenge ten years later his son Aegialeus was killed. Adrastus died of grief.

          Book II.34:1-94. His horse Arion.

 

Adryas, Dryades, The Dryads

The wood-nymphs. They inhabit the oak trees in Ceres sacred grove and dance at her festivals

Book I:20:1-52. Inhabitants of the Ausonian woods.

 

Aeacus

The son of Jupiter and Aegina, grandson of Asopus, the river-god of the north-eastern Peloponnese. He named his island, in the Saronic gulf, Aegina after his mother. Its ancient name was Oenopia.

Book II.20:1-36. Book IV.11:1-102. His father Jupiter made him a judge of the dead in the Underworld for his piety.

 

Aeaeus

The island of Circe. (Cape Circeo a promontory, once an island with marshes on the landward side).

          Book II.32:1-62. Telegonus was Circe’s son.

Book III.12:1-38. Propertius seems to confuse it with Calypso’s island.

 

Aegaeus, Aegean

          The Aegean Sea between Greece and Asia Minor.

          Book I.6:1-36. Book III.7:1-72. It is mentioned.

Book III.24:1-20. Metaphorically the sea of love, since Venus-Aphrodite was born from its waves.

 

Aegyptus, Egypt

The country in North Africa. Its great river is the Nile. It was ruled by a Macedonian dynasty, of which the famous Cleopatra was a member, and became a Roman province. Cleopatra was Queen of Egypt, and mistress of Julius Caesar and Antony. She fell from power and committed suicide when she and Antony were defeated at the battle of Actium. (See Suetonius ‘The Twelve Caesars’ and, of course, Shakespeare.)

Book II.1:1-78. Conquered by the Romans.

Book II.33:1-22.Home of the cult of Isis.

 

Aemilia

Book IV.11:1-102. A Vestal Virgin who cleared herself of the charge that she had allowed the sacred fire to go out by placing part of her dress in the ashes at which the fire flared.

 

Aemilius Paulus

          Aemilius Paullus defeated Demetrius of Pherae in 219BC.

          Book III.3:1-52. A subject of epic.

 

Aeneas

A Trojan prince, the son of Venus and Anchises, and the hero of Virgil’s Aeneid.  (See Turner’s etching and painting, The Golden Bough- British Museum and Tate Gallery.) He leaves ruined Troy carrying his father, and the sacred icons of Venus, and, with his son Ascanius also, sails to Delos where he sacrifices to the Delian gods. He consults the oracle of Apollo and is told to seek out his ancient mother and ancestral shores. He reaches Carthage, deserts Dido, and reaches Cumae. (See Virgil, The Aeneid I, IV, and V)

He visits the Sibyl, who conducts him to the Underworld, having plucked the golden bough. He sees his father’s shade in the fields of Elysium. (See Virgil, The Aeneid VI). He returns from the Underworld, and sails from Cumae north, along the western Italian coast, to Caieta (modern Gaeta) where he marks the funeral of Caieta his old nurse, who gives her name to the place. (See Virgil’s Aeneid, the opening lines of book VII.). He sets up Caieta’s tomb and inscribes an epitaph. He wins the throne of Latinus, and marries his daughter, Lavinia. He wages war with the Rutulians under Turnus, and is supported by Evander. He is deified as Indiges. Helenus prophesied that Aeneas carried the destiny of Troy and its descendant city, Rome.

Book II.34:1-94. Sung by Virgil.

Book III.4:1-22. Augustus descended (in the Imperial myth) from Aeneas.

Book IV.1:1-70. The ancestor of the Romans.

 

Aeolius, Aeolic

Book II.3:1-54. The Aeolic school of Greek lyric poets, Sappho being the most famous.

 

Aeschyleus

          The Greek Tragedian (525-c456BC), author of the Oresteian Trilogy.

          Book II.34:1-94. His style not suitable for love poetry.

 

Aesonides

Jason, the son of Aeson, leader of the Argonauts, and hero of the adventure of the Golden Fleece. The fleece is represented in the sky by the constellation and zodiacal sign of Aries, the Ram. In ancient times it contained the point of the vernal equinox (The First Point of Aries) that has since moved by precession into Pisces.

Book I.15:1-42. His desertion of Hypsipyle.

 

Aetna, Etna

          A volcanic mountain in Sicily.

          Book III.2:1-26. Polyphemus tried to woo Galatea there.

          Book III.17:1-42. Jupiter’s lightning bolts were forged there.

 

Africa

          Book III.20:1-30. The African continent and its potential wealth.

 

Aganippeus, Aganippe

          The fountain of the Muses on Mount Helicon.

          Book II.3:1-54. Cynthia rivals the Muses.

 

Alba

Alba Longa was a town near Rome, ruled by Numitor, the father of Rhea Silvia. By Mars she conceived Romulus and Remus. Later she was called Ilia, the Trojan, from Ilium, Troy, and made the daughter of Aeneas to fit the myth of Trojan origin for the Romans.

          Book III.3:1-52. The early kings of Rome.

          Book IV.1:1-70. Founded there because of a favourable omen.

          Book IV.6:1-86. Augustus’s ancestral ‘home’.

 

Albanus, The Alban Lake

          Book III.22:1-42. The lake in the Alban Hills near Rome. See Nemi.

 

Alcides

Book I:20:1-52. Book IV.9:1-74. An epithet of Hercules as a descendant of Alceus.

 

Alcinous

The mythical King of the Phaeacians (Phaeacia is perhaps identified with Corfu), the grandson of Neptune. He married his sister Arete, and Nausicaa was their daughter. In Homer’s Odyssey VI he loads Odysseus with gifts, and is punished by Neptune for his generosity to Odysseus. The Argonauts also touched at Phaeacia.

Book I.14:1-24. A source of gifts.

 

Alcmaeonius, Alcmaeon

The son of Amphiaraus and Eriphyle. He led the Epigoni in the War of the Seven against Thebes. He killed his mother who had betrayed her husband to his death through vanity, and was pursued by the Furies.

          Book I.15:1-42. He is alluded to.

          Book III.5:1-48. Pursued by the Furies.

 

Alcmene, Alcmena

The daughter of Electryon king of Tiryns, wife of Amphitryon, and mother of Hercules by the god Jupiter. Arachne depicted her rape by Jupiter disguised as Amphitryon. Deianira, wife of Hercules, sister of Meleager, is her daughter-in-law.

          Book II.22:1-42. Loved by Jupiter.

 

Ales, see Amor

 

Alexandria

          The city of Northern Egypt.

          Book III.11:1-72. Cleopatra’s northern capital.

 

Alexis

          A faithless shepherd-boy in Virgil.

          Book II.34:1-94. See Virgil’s Eclogue II.

         

Alphesiboea

The wife of Alcmaeon who killed him, after he had deserted her for Callirhoe. She killed her own brothers to cancel the blood-debt. This is part of a complicated series of myths centreing on the magic necklace and robe of Harmonia. See Graves ‘The Greek Myths’ and Calasso ‘The Marriage of Cadmus and Harmony’.

Book I.15:1-42. Her loyalty.

 

Althaea

The mother of Meleager, and wife of Oeneus, king of Calydon. The sister of the Thestiadae, Plexippus and Toxeus. She sought revenge for their deaths at the hands of her own son, Meleager. She threw into the fire the piece of wood that was linked to Meleager’s life, and which she once rescued from the flames, at the time of the Fates prophecy to her.

          Book III.22:1-42. The burning brand.

 

Amazonis, TheAmazons

One of the Amazons, a race of warlike women living by the River Thermodon, probably based on the Scythian warrior princesses of the Black Sea area (See Herodotus). In particular Hippolyte the mother of Hippolytus by Theseus.

          Book III.11:1-72. Penthesilea from Maeotis, near the Sea of Azov.

          Book III.14:1-34. They bathed naked in the river Thermodon.

 

Amor

Book I.3:1-46. The god of Love and Sexual Desire, equated to Cupid.

          Book I.1:1-38. He is cruel in subduing lovers.

          Book I.2:1-32. He dislikes artifice.

          Book I.7:1-26. The god of love.

          Book I.14:1-24. Wealth is irrelevant to him.

          Book II.2:1-16. He ignores the desire for peace.

Book II.3:1-54. Love dressed in white sneezed a good omen at Cynthia’s birth.

Book II.6:1-42. God of free love.

Book II.8A:1-40. A powerful god.

Book II.12:1-24. Depicted as a boy armed with bow and barbed arrows, who wounds lovers.

Book II.13:1-16. The archer god of love.

Book II.29:1-22. The God of love, making sexual perfumes.

Book II.30:1-40. No escape from him.

Book II.34:1-94. Not to be trusted with beautiful girls.

Book III.1:1-38. Multiple servants.

Book III.5:1-48. A peace-loving god.

Book III.16:1-30. He carries a blazing torch for lovers.

Book III.20:1-30. He seals lovers’ contracts.

 

Amphiaraus

A Greek seer, one of the heroes, the Oeclides, at the Calydonian Boar Hunt. The son of Oecleus, father of Alcmaeon, and husband of Eriphyle. He foresaw his death, but was persuaded to join the war of the Seven Against Thebes by his wife, Eriphyle. Jupiter saved him by opening up a chasm where he fell, and he and his chariot and horses were swallowed up. He had a famous oracular shrine at the spot at Oropus in Boeotia.

          Book II.34:1-94. Not a fit subject for love.

Book III.13:1-66. Destroyed by his wife’s greed. She was tempted by the necklace of Harmonia to persuade him to go to the war.

 

Amphion

The husband of Niobe, and son of Jupiter and Antiope. The King of Thebes. His magical use of the lyre, given him by Mercury, enabled him to build the walls of Thebes. Antiope was the daughter of Nycteus of Thebes, famed for her beauty and loved by Jupiter in satyr form. She bore twin sons Amphion and Zethus. Her father exposed them on Mt Cithaeron, but they were found and raised by a shepherd. Later they built the walls of Thebes, Amphion, the husband of Niobe, using the magical music of his lyre (See Ovid’s Metamorphoses VI 176, XV 427). Antiope fled her father but was imprisoned by Lycus and his wife Dirce who tormented her. Her sons avenged her by killing Dirce.

Book I.9:1-34. He is mentioned.

Book III.15:1-46. Avenged his mother.

 

Amphitryoniades

Book IV.9:1-74. Hercules as the son of Amphitryon, the husband of Alcmena and son in turn of Alceus, King of Thebes.

 

Amycle

          Book IV.5:1-78. One of Cynthia’s (?) slaves.

 

Amymone

A daughter of Danaus. Searching for water in time of drought, she was saved from a satyr by Neptune. She slept with Neptune, and with his trident he created a spring named for her, source of the river Lerna, flowing  from a rock near the site where they mated.

Book II.26A:21-58. Loved by Neptune.

         

Amythaonius, Amythaon

          The father of Melampus.

          Book II.3:1-54. He is mentioned.

 

Androgeon

          The son of Minos King of Crete, killed in Attica.

          Book II.1:1-78. Propertius has Aesculapius restore him to life.

 

Andromacha, Andromache

The wife of Hector, who was taken captive after his death and the fall of Troy, to become the wife of Neoptolemus.

          Book II.20:1-36. A weeping prisoner.

          Book II.22:1-42. Wife of Hector.

 

Andromede, Andromeda

The daughter of Cepheus and Cassiope (Iope) who was chained to a rock and exposed to a sea-monster Cetus because of her mother’s sin. She is represented by the constellation Andromeda which contains the Andromeda galaxy M31 a spiral like our own, the most distant object visible to the naked eye. Cetus is represented by the constellation of Cetus, the Whale, between Pisces and Eridanus which contains the variable star, Mira. Perseus offered to rescue her. (See Burne-Jones’s oil paintings and gouaches in the Perseus series, particularly The Rock of Doom). He killed the sea serpent and claims her as his bride.

Book I.3:1-46. She is mentioned.

Book II.28:1-46. Changes of fortune.

Book III.22:1-42. Book IV.7:1-96. Offered as a sacrifice for the sins of her mother.

 

Anienus, River Anio

          A river near Rome, on which Tibur (Tivoli) stands.

          Book I:20:1-52. A country pleasure area.

          Book III.16:1-30. Book III.22:1-42. Tibur’s river.

          Book IV.7:1-96. Cynthia buried beside it.

 

Antaeus

          Book III.22:1-42. A Libyan giant killed by Hercules.

 

Antigone

The daughter of Oedipus, King of Thebes, by Jocasta. She broke the city laws to bury her brother Polynices, and committed suicide. See Sophocles’s Antigone.

          Book II.8A:1-40. She is mentioned.

 

Antilochus

          The son of Nestor.

          Book II.13A:1-58. Died before his father, killed at Troy.

 

Antimachus

The poet of Colophon, who wrote an epic about the Seven Against Thebes, and love elegies to his mistress Lyde.

          Book II.34:1-94. His love for Lyde.

 

Antinous

          Book IV.5:1-78. The chief suitor to Penelope in the Odyssey.

 

Antiope

The daughter of Nycteus of Thebes, famed for her beauty and loved by Jupiter in satyr form. She bore twin sons Amphion and Zethus. Her father exposed them on Mt Cithaeron, but they were found and raised by a shepherd. Later they built the walls of Thebes, Amphion, the husband of Niobe, using the magical music of his lyre (See Ovid’s Metamorphoses VI 176, XV 427). Antiope fled her father but was imprisoned by Lycus and his wife Dirce who tormented her. Her sons avenged her by killing Dirce.

          Book I.4:1-28. Her beauty recognised.

          Book III.15:1-46. Dirce’s jealousy.

 

Antonius (Marcus), Antony

Antony, the Roman general, who seized the inheritance at Julius Caesar’s death, despite his will, and who was defeated by Octavian (later Augustus Caesar) at Mutina in Cisalpine Gaul, and Octavian’s naval commander, Vispanius Agrippa, at the naval battle of Actium in 31BC. Lover of Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt.

Book II.16:1-56. Defeated at Actium.

Book III.9:1-60. His hands ‘heavy with his fate’, his fate being, in a double entendre, Cleopatra.

 

Anubis

The jackal-headed god Anpu of Egypt, identified with Mercury, and ‘opener of the roads of the dead’. He accompanies Isis.

          Book III.11:1-72. An emblem of Cleopatra.

 

Aonius, Aonia

Book I.2:1-32. Part of Boetia containing Mount Helicon the haunt of the Muses.

 

Apelles, Apelleus

The Greek painter, of Colophon near Smyrna. He lived in the fourth century BC.

Book I.2:1-32. Famous for his skill in portraying colour, light and surfaces.

Book III.9:1-60. Famous for his paintings of Venus/erotica.

 

Apidanus

          A river in Thessaly.                   

Book I.3:1-46. Maenads.

 

Apollo, see Phoebus

          Book III.9:1-60. Patron god of Troy.

          Book IV.1A:71-150. God of song.

Book IV.6:1-86. Associated with the victory at Actium. His temple on the Palatine.

 

Appia (Via)

The Great South Road of Rome, which left the city on the east by the Capene Gate.

          Book II.32:1-62. Book IV.8:1-88.The way to Lanuvium.

 

Aprilis

Book IV.5:1-78. The kalends of April were associated with courtesans who sacrificed to Venus and Fortuna virilis.

 

Aquilonius, Boreas, Aquilo

          The North Wind, see Boreas.

          Book II.5:1-30. Book III.7:1-72. The north wind.

 

Ara Maxima

          Book IV.9:1-74. An altar situated in the Forum Boarium.

 

Arabia

The countries bordering the eastern side of the Red Sea.

Book I.14:1-24. Referred to.

Book II.10:1-26. Subject to Augustus.

 

Arabius

Book I.14:1-24. Arabian. Propertius may be referring to Aelius Gallus who was Prefect of Egypt, and led a failed expedition to Arabia in 24BC.

Book II.3:1-54. A source of traded silk.

Book II.29:1-22. A source of perfumes.

Book III.13:1-66. A source of cinammon.

 

Aracynthus

Part of the Cithaeron mountain range on the borders of Attica and Boeotia.

          Book III.15:1-46. Dirce killed there.

 

Araxes

          The River in Armenia flowing into the Caspian Sea.

Book III.12:1-38. Book IV.3:1-72. A feature of the Parthian campaign.

 

Arcadius, Arcadia

A region in the centre of the Peloponnese, the archetypal rural paradise, named after Arcas, Callisto’s son. [‘Et in Arcadia ego’, ‘and I too (Death) am here in paradise’. See the paintings by Nicholas Poussin, Paris, Louvre; and Chatsworth, England]

Book I.1:1-38. The location of Milanion and Atalanta (or Calydon).

Book I.18:1-32. The haunt of the great god Pan.

Book II.28:1-46. Callisto’s home.

 

Archemorus

The son of Eurydice and Lycurgus king of Nemea. The infant was killed by a snake while his nurse Hypsipyle had gone to show the Seven Against Thebes a spring. His funeral rites were the origin of the Nemean Games.

          Book II.34:1-94. The horse Arion wept at his funeral.

 

Archytas

Possibly the mathematician and philosopher of the Pythagorean School who flourished in Tarentum (the Spartan colony on the heel of Italy) c 400BC.

          Book IV.1A:71-150. His ‘child’ is Orops.

 

Arctos

The twin constellations of the Great and Little Bear, Ursa Major and Ursa Minor, individually or together.

          Book II.22:1-42. The constellations halted in the sky.

 

Arethusa

It is not known whether Arethusa is a pseudonym or a fictional name.

          Book IV.3:1-72. Her letter to her husband Lycotas.

 

Arganthus

          A mountain in Mysia.

Book I:20:1-52. Hylas was seized there by the Nymphs.

 

Argeus, Argus

Argus was the steersman of the Argo, the first ship, built by Jason, and sailed to Colchis through the Hellespont and the Black Sea, in search of the Golden Fleece. See Ovid’s Metamorphoses Book VII.

Book I:20:1-52. Hercules and Hylas sailed with the Argonauts.

Book II.26A:21-58. The Argo navigated the Symplegades, the clashing rocks at the entrance to the Bosphorus by releasing a dove: when the dove’s tail feathers were clipped by the rocks the Argonauts rowed through, swiftly, following.

Book III.22:1-42. The timbers of the Argo were cut on Mount Pelion.

 

Argivus, Argive

Of Argos the capital city of Argolis in the Peloponnese, but used to mean Greek, generally.

          Book I.15:1-42. Evadne of Argos.

          Book I.19:1-26. Greek.

          Book II.25:1-48. Greek beauty.

 

Argus

A creature with a thousand eyes, the son of Arestor, set to guard Io by Juno. He was killed by Mercury. After his death, Juno sets his eyes in the peacock’s tail.

Book I.3:1-46. He is mentioned.

 

Argynnus

A youth apparently loved by Agamemnon who was punished for some sin by drowning.

          Book III.7:1-72. Mourned by Agamemnon.

 

Ariadne, Ariadna

A daughter of Minos. Half-sister of the Minotaur, and sister of Phaedra, she helped Theseus on Crete.

She fled to Dia with Theseus and was abandoned there, but rescued by Bacchus, and her crown is set among the stars as the Corona Borealis. (See Titian’s painting – Bacchus and Ariadne – National Gallery, London: and Annibale Carracci’s fresco – The triumph of Bacchus and Ariadne – Farnese Palace, Rome)). The Northern Crown, the Corona Borealis, is a constellation between Hercules and Serpens Caput, consisting of an arc of seven stars, its central jewel being the blue-white star Gemma.

Book I.3:1-46. She is mentioned.

Book II.3:1-54. Leads the Bacchic dancers.

Book II.14:1-32. Book IV.4:1-94. Helped Theseus navigate the Labyrinth by means of a ball of thread that he unwound (the clew).

Book III.17:1-42. Set among the stars by Bacchus.

Book III.20:1-30. Her starry crown in the sky.

 

Arion, the horse of Adrastus

The winged horse of Adrastus, one of the Seven Against Thebes, gifted with human speech. He mourned Archemorus.

          Book II.34:1-94. Not a fit subject for love poetry.

 

Arionius, of Arion the Musician

Arion was a late seventh century BC Greek poet, who invented the dithyramb, a wild choric hymn, or Bacchanalian song, as a literary form. He was thrown from a ship during a sea voyage, by the crew, but a dolphin rescued him, and carried him to Corinth.

Book II.26:1-20. A symbolised image of Propertius himself, rescuing Cynthia from spiritual shipwreck.

 

Armenius, Armenia

The country situated between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, famous for its tigers.

Book I.9:1-34. Tiger country.

 

Arria

A friend or kinswoman of Propertius. The mother of Lupercus and Gallus.

          Book IV.1A:71-150. She fated her sons to die in war.

 

Ascanius

          A river in Mysia, in Asia Minor.

Book I:20:1-52 Visited by the Argonauts.

 

Ascraeus, Ascra

Book II.10:1-26. Book II.13:1-16. The ancient Greek poet Hesiod’s birthplace in Boeotia.

Book II.34:1-94. Hesiod.

 

Asia

          The regions of Asia Minor, Persia and India.

          Book I.6:1-36. Noted for their riches.

          Book II.3:1-54. Represented by Troy.

 

Asis, Assisi

          Asisium, modern Assisi, in Umbria.

          Book IV.1:1-70 .Book IV.1A:71-150.The birthplace of Propertius.

 

Asopus

          A river in Boeotia.

          Book III.15:1-46. Its course lies near Mount Cithaeron.

 

Atalanta

The daughter of Iasus and Clymene beaten in the foot-race by Milanion q.v. who decoyed her with golden apples given him by Venus-Aphrodite.

Book I.1:1-38. She is mentioned.

 

Athaman, Athamanes

          Book IV.6:1-86. The Athamanes were a people of Epirus.

 

Athamantis, Helle, the Hellespont

The daughter of Athamas and Nephele, sister of Phrixus. Escaping from Ino on the golden ram, she fell into the sea and was drowned, giving her name to the Hellespont, the straits that link the Propontis with the Aegean Sea, close to the site of Troy.

Book I:20:1-52. Passed by the Argonauts.

Book III.22:1-42. Helle as the daughter of Athamas.

 

Athenae, Athens

          The Greek city, sacred to Minerva-Athene.

          Book I.6:1-36. Book III.21:1-34. Renowned for its learning.

 

Atlas

The Titan who rules the Moon with Phoebe the Titaness. Leader of the Titans in their war with the gods. The son of Iapetus by the nymph Clymene. His brothers were Prometheus, Epimetheus and Menoetius. Represented as Mount Atlas in North-western Africa, holding up the heavens. Father of the Pleiades, Hyades and Hesperides.

          Book III.22:1-42. The far west, the Pillars of Hercules.

 

Atracia

          Book I.8:1-26. From Atrax, a town in Thessaly, hence Thessalian.

 

Atrida, Atrides, Agamemnon

The king of Mycenae, son of Atreus, hence called Atrides,  brother of Menelaüs, husband of Clytaemnestra, father of Orestes, Iphigenia, and Electra. The leader of the Greek army in the Trojan War. See Homer’s Iliad, and Aeschylus’s Oresteian tragedies.

          Book II.14:1-32. Victor at Troy.

          Book III.7:1-72. Mourned for Argynnas, and sacrificed Iphigenia.

          Book III.18:1-34. Perhaps a reference to Argynnas.

          Book IV.1A:71-150. Doomed by the sacrifice of Iphigenia.

Book IV.6:1-86. Punished by Apollo with plague for the rape of Chryseis.

 

Attalicus, Attalic

Attalus III of Pergamum (d 133BC) left his great wealth to the Roman people. Attalica came to mean cloth of gold which he was said to have invented.

          Book II.13A:1-58. Book III.18:1-34. Cloth of gold.

 

Atticus, Attica

          The region of southern Greece containing Athens.

          Book II.20:1-36. Haunt of the night-owl sacred to Athene-Minerva.

 

Augustus

Julius Caesar’s grand-nephew, whom he adopted and declared as his heir, Octavius Caesar (Octavian). (The honorary title Augustus was bestowed by the Senate 16th Jan 27BC). His wife was Livia. Jupiter prophesies his future glory: his defeat of Antony, who had seized the inheritance, at Mutina: his defeat of the conspirators Cassius and Brutus at the twin battles of Philippi: his (Agrippa’s) defeat of Antony at Actium: and his (Agrippa’s) defeat of Pompey’s son at Mylae and Naulochus off Sicily. (See the sculpture of Augustus, from Primaporta, in the Vatican)

          Book II.1:1-78. Maecenas was a close friend of the Emperor.

          Book II.7:1-20. His power questioned in private matters.

          Book II.10:1-26. India and Arabia subject to him.

Book II.16:1-56.Propertius wishes Augustus might live more humbly, referring to the casa Romuli preserved on the Palatine Hill.

Book II.16:1-56. Book II.34:1-94. Defeated Antony at Actium.

Book II.31:1-16. Opens the new Colonnade.

Book III.4:1-22. Plans a campaign in India. Actually the campaign to Parthia in 20BC.

Book III.9:1-60. Patron of Maecenas. Propertius hints at homosexual relations between them.

Book III.11:1-72. Eliminated Antony’s and Cleopatra’s armies and navy. In a double entendre Propertius hints that Augustus may be a worse tyrant than those eliminated.

Book III.12:1-38. His expedition to Parthia.

Book III.18:1-34. His nephew Marcellus.

Book IV.1:1-70. His arms derived from Aeneas.

Book IV.6:1-86. His defeat of Antony at Actium (as Octavian)

Book IV.11:1-102. Mourned Cornelia, half-sister to his daughter Julia. Julia was later banished for sexual laxity.

 

Aulis

The Boeotian harbour where the Greek fleet massed prior to setting out for Troy and where Iphigenia was sacrificed. The area was a rich fishing-ground.

          Book IV.1A:71-150. The harbour from which the Greeks set out.

 

Aurora, Pallantias

Goddess of the Morning, and wife of Tithonus, daughter of the Titan Pallas, hence called Pallantias or Pallantis, who fathered Zelus (zeal), Cratus (strength), Bia (force) and Nicë (victory) on the River